Ujian Lisan Untuk Pegawai Dek

Ujian Lisan memang mengundang gundah gulana lebih-lebih lagi kepada bakal-bakal Pegawai Dek, sehinggakan ada yang fobia, tidak dapat tidur dan hilang selera makan. Ada yang telah beberapa kali mencuba, tetapi masih tidak berjaya. InsyaAllah berkat usaha pasti berjaya. Antara soalan lisan yang popular yang biasa ditanya oleh pemeriksa untuk Ujian Lisan WKO <500 GT UL adalah seperti berikut ;

Q. List of Nautical Publications satisfy the requirement of SOLAS V

     Regulation 19.2.1.4 and should be carried by the vessel.

       1.    IMO International Code of Signal

       2.    International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (IAMSAR)

              Manual

       3.    The Mariners Hand Book (NP 100)

       4.    Merchant Shipping Notice, Marine Guide Note

       5.    Admiralty Notices to Mariners

       6.    Admiralty Notices to Mariners – Annual Summary (NP 247 Part 1 & 2)

       7.    Admiralty List of Radio Signals

       8.    Admiralty List of Light

       9.    Admiralty Sailing Direction

      10.  Nautical Almanac

      11.   Admiralty Tide Table

      12.   Admiralty Tidal Stream Atlases

      13.   All navigation aids manual carried on board

Q. Use of AIS in collision avoidance

     AIS is mandatory (SOLAS V/19.2.4)

       -      on all international voyages by tanker

       -      Vessel 150 gt or more

       -      Vessel of 150 gt and more while carrying more than 12 passenger

Q. Objective of AIS

      - to enhance

        1.   Safety of Life at Seat

        2.   Safety and efficiency of navigation

        3.   Security of vessels and port facilities

        4.   Protection of vessels and port facilities

  Q. AIS operation

      -     should be operational when vessel are underway, making way, moored or at

            anchor.

      -     the AIS may be switched off if the operational of AIS might compromise the

            safety or security of the vessel for example when navigating in sea areas

            where pirates or armed robbers are known to operate and the event must

            be recorded in the official logbook. 

     

  Q. AIS data

       1.   Static – example ship name, call sign, official no (entered during

              installation)

       2.   Dynamic – wind speed and direction, speed, ship heading (from ship

              sensor)

       3.   Voyage – Destination, ETA, draught, navigational status (underway,

             anchored, moored), safety related short message (manually input/entered

             during voyage)

Q. AIS limitation       

     The information given by AIS may not be a complete picture of situation 

     around the ship due to some limitation;

       1.  other vessel might not be fitted with AIS example fishing boat, warships

       2.  other vessel AIS might be switched off due to security reason.

       3.  The accuracy of information received depends on the accuracy of

             the information input by the target vessel. 

       4.  Ships data input sensors might be incorrect if the sensors not calibrated.

Q. Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT)

      Application;

       1.    Come into force on 1^st January 2009

       2.    Apply to all ship on international voyages as follows;

             - all passenger ships including high speed craft

             - all cargo ships over 300gt, including high speed craft

             - mobile offshore  drilling units

   

Q. Passage Planning

     Explain how to do the Passage Planning;

1.       Appraisal, Planning, Execution, Monitoring

2.       Nautical Publication affected

3.       Ship Routeing/weather information

Q. Navigation In Coastal Waters

     Following considerations while preparing passage plan

1. Taking in advise /recommendation from sailing directions
2. Ships draft in relation to available depth of water
3. Effect of Squat on under keel clearance in shallow water
4. Tides and currents
5. Wx particularly in areas more susceptible to poor visibility
6. Available navigational aids and their accuracy
7. Which positions fixing methods to be used
8. Day / Night time passing of danger points
9. Traffic likely to be encountered flow type and volume

Q Ship Routing - explain

     The purpose of ship routing is to improve the safety of navigation in concerning

     areas and in areas where the density of traffic is great or where the freedom of   

     movement of shipping inhibited by restricted sea room, the existence of obstruction  

     to navigation, limited depth or unfavorable meteorological conditions.

     Following are the matters related to ship routing:

1. Routing system
2. TSS
3. Traffic separation zone or line
4. Traffic line
5. Round about
6. Inshore traffic zone
7. Two way route
8. Recommended track
9. Deep water route
10. Precautionary area
11. Area to be avoided
12. Established direction of traffic flow
13. Recommended direction of traffic flow

Q. What information you get in sailing directions / pilot book?

           1. Details regarding the coast – approach (particulars area)

           2. Dangers / no go areas

           3. Local wx

           4. Local / harbour rules, port authority

           5. Working channel etc

           6. Region A/B, buoyage system

           7. Panoramic / photographic view.

           8. Area tidal information, depth / draught

           9. Dock details.

Q. Compass Error

     Demonstrate;

1.       Determine Compass Error - simple exercise by given position, time and Compass Bearing.

2.       Other method to determine the Compass Error example by Transit etc

3.       Use of azimuth mirror

Q. Limitation of electronic chart systems (ECDIS and other electronic chart systems)

     There are some limitations of the ECDIS as followings:

1. Chart Accuracy

ECDIS provides the navigator with a tactical tool which incorporates a high accuracy positioning device.  The navigator can "zoom" in on an ECDIS chart to a scale beyond the intended accuracy of the charted information.

2.     Technical limitation of other devices

The accuracy is also depends on the technical limitation of other devices linked to the ECDIS, such as GPS, radar, etc.  The mariner must be attentive to the source and accuracy of the position fixing device utilized by the ECDIS.

                                                        

3.  Information Overload

The mariner is cautioned to be wary of information overload and a very cluttered display screen. Information overload and a cluttered screen seriously degrade navigation safety for the mariner and could result in a "technology-assisted incident".

4. Familiarization of ECDIS

A mariner must invest time and effort to mastering the device prior to his first navigational watch.  This will be crucial to the navigation safety of the vessel in the event paper charts are not required or available on the vessel.

Q. Identify, describe and explain

     IALA System of Maritime Buoyages

     1. Region A

     2. Region B

     3. Emergency Wreck Marker Buoy

Q. Admiralty Chart Symbol and Abbreviations (NP 5011) 

     Identify and explain 

Q. Compass – explain

     1. Calculation – give simple exercise and demonstrate how to find the compass

          error

    2. Explanation

        An instrument used to indicate heading of the ship and to

        determine bearings. Two type of compasses:

         i.    Gyro compass.

        ii.    Magnetic compass.

Q. Compass Error

     The difference between in the direction indicated as north by the compass and

      the true north is compass error. In other words the difference between the

      compass north and the true north is the compass error. Compass error named

      East or West:

Q. Three methods determining compass error:

1. Azimuth: true bearing of the heavenly body calculated at a given time in GMT.
2. Amplitude: True bearing of the heavenly body calculated at a given time in GMT made when body is on the horizon, rising or setting.
3. Transit: A bearing is one in which to conspicuous terrestrial object are in line, one in front of the other.

Q. Correction of deviation

     Following four provisions are provided to reduce the compass error(it can not  

     be totally eliminated)

1. Flinders bar.
2. Spheres (two numbers placed port and stbd).
3. Heeling error magnets.
4. Horizontal magnets- they compensate for the forward and aft and athwart ships components of the semi permanent magnetism.
5. PEWRUS: It is an alternative to azimuth mirror. It enables the navigator to obtain bearings of shore object particularly when the line of sight of the azimuth mirror on the standard compass is obscured.  

Q. Gyro compass: Advantages

1. Its reference point is true north.
2. Can be connected to any amount of equipments which requires compass feeding.

Q. Disadvantages of Gyro Compass

1. Complicated mechanical device.
2. requires constant power supply.

        Note: Gyro compass error referred to high or low.

Q . Magnetic Compass

      Advantages:

1. No mechanical moving parts.
2. Does not require electrical power.

     Effected by two errors: deviation and variation.

     By using transmitting magnetic compass(TMC). It is possible to feed magnetic    

     compass to any number of equipment requires compass feeding.

Q. Steering

     Method of steering”(four methods):

1. Automatic(auto pilot)
2. Manual(by Helmsman)
3. Remote steering (with extended cord)
4. Emergency steering.

     Off course alarm: This equipment maintains a continuous watch on the  

     vessel’s course so that any break down of the Gyro compass or auto pilot is

     immediately brought to the notice of the OOW.

     A three second delay is introduced so that the alarm is not sounded by

     momentary contact during violent motion of vessel in heavy weather.

Q. Speed Measuring Device

1. The stream log
2. Dynamic pressure log.
3. Impeller log.
4. Electromagnetic log.
5. Doppler log.

Q. Radar Plotting Exercise

     Demonstrate;

1.      The principle of radar plotting (AOW Triangle) - do simple exercise. (Demonstrate the Action by plotting / answer being taken in the situation given must be related to the application of ROR).

Q.  Rules of the Road (COLREG 1974)

         1.     Explain/ Word by word/ Understanding of ROR

         2.     Light and Shape

     

Q. The operational of Radar and ARPA

Q. Respond to emergency example ; collision, grounding, fire etc.

Semoga tulisan ini serba sedikit dapat membantu. Seperti yang saya maklumkan tadi, InsyaAllah jika kita berusaha pasti akan berjaya.

Sekian.

rosli